home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- October 29, 1984NOBEL PRIZESSearching for New Worlds
-
-
- PEACE: PROUD AND SAD
-
-
- It was only a small courtesy, but it changed the young man's
- life. One day in a black shantytown near Johannesburg, South
- Africa, Primary Schoolteacher Desmond Mpilo Tutu saw a white man
- respectfully tip his hat to a black woman. Tutu had never seen
- a white make such a gesture. The woman was Tutu's mother; the
- white was the Rev. Trevor Huddleston, now an Anglican bishop.
- The priest subsequently befriended the young black, and after
- Tutu was hospitalized in 1953 for tuberculosis, Huddleston
- visited him daily for 20 months. Tutu, profoundly impressed,
- followed his white friend into the clergy, rising rapidly in the
- Anglican Church in southern Africa and becoming Bishop of
- Lesotho in 1976. Along the way, Tutu also became a leading
- voice in the battle against apartheid. His outspoken courage,
- coupled with the nonviolent nature of his message, last week
- brought Bishop Tutu, now 53, the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize. "You
- feel humble, you feel proud, elated and you feel sad," said Tutu
- in Johannesburg. "One of my greatest sadnesses is that there are
- many in this country who are not joining in celebrating
- something that is an honor for this country."
-
- Tutu is a prophet without honor in his own country. the South
- African government seized his passport in 1981, and he now needs
- special permission for his numerous speaking trips outside the
- country. The government, which is elected by the country's 18%
- white minority, also conducted an investigation into the liberal
- South African Council of Churches (membership 13 million), which
- Tutu has headed since 1978. That inquiry resulted in a verbal
- public denunciation that charged the feisty preacher and the
- council with waging "massive psychological warfare" against the
- government and sympathizing with outlawed liberation groups such
- as the Zambia-based African National Congress (A.N.C.)
-
- In his racially torn nation, Tutu walks a tricky tightrope.
- Although many members of the white establishment look upon him
- as a dangerous radical, black militants see him as too
- temperate. Tutu, who rejects government categories and calls
- himself "detribalized," says he faces a "rough passage" in
- pleading with young black audiences for interracial concord and
- peaceful change. And although Tutu does not advocate violence,
- he warns continually of a coming "blood bath" if whites do not
- share power with the black majority. Afrikaners, he notes,
- praise their own gun-toting forebears but "suddenly become
- pacifists when it involves black liberation. Blacks don't
- believe they are introducing violence into the situation. They
- believe the situation is already violent."
-
- Though two of his four children live in the U.S., Tutu is
- embittered over the current U.S. hands-off policy toward South
- Africa. The black leader advocates political, diplomatic and
- especially economic pressures from overseas to force whites to
- negotiate a sharing of power with blacks. But the bishop has
- never explicitly advocated boycotts or a cutoff of investments,
- which the A.N.C. last week declared would be a fitting response
- to Tutu's prize. Nonetheless, Tutu states that "I find what I
- have seen of capitalism and the free- enterprise system quite
- morally repulsive."
-
- Born in the western Transvaal, Tutu was forced to drop his
- dreams of completing medical college when his father, a teacher,
- ran short of money. After Tutu's teaching years, seminary
- training, ordination in 1960 and graduate study in England, he
- taught theology in Lesotho, an independent nation surrounded by
- South African territory. He returned to England to administer
- World Council of Churches scholarships, and became South
- Africa's first black Anglican Dean in 1975. He pointedly
- spurned Johannesburg's posh suburban deanery to live with the
- black masses in Soweto.
-
- The bishop, who is currently on a leave to teach at New York
- City's General Theological Seminary, flew home with his wife
- Leah last week to celebrate the peace award with friends. He
- has said he will donate his prize money of about $195,000 to a
- scholarship fund for black African youths.
-
- Much of white South Africa reacted grumpily or indifferently to
- the news of Tutu's award. The Afrikaans daily Beeld complained
- that many of Tutu's "outbursts" make him "an unlikely
- peace-prize recipient." The word from the office of State
- President P.W. Botha: "No comment." But in Addis Ababa, the
- Organization of African Unity said the award is "an urgent
- reminder to the racist authorities of Pretoria that their
- inhuman regime is doomed."
-
- Tutu joins an illustrious gallery of human rights activists who
- were snubbed by their own countries in the past several years
- after winning the peace prize, including Andrei Sakharov of the
- Soviet Union, Adolfo Perez Esquivel of predemocratic Argentina
- and Lech Walesa of Poland. Unlike Sakharov and Walesa, however,
- Tutu is expected to collect his prize in person in Norway on
- Dec. 10.
-
- --By Richard N. Ostling. Reported by Peter
- Hawthorne/Johannesburg
-
-